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Camellia sasanqua, with common name sasanqua camellia,[1] is a species of Camellia native to China and Japan. It is usually found growing up to an altitude of 900 metres.

Camellia sasanqua
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Theaceae
Genus:	Camellia
Species:	C. sasanqua
Binomial name
Camellia sasanqua Thunb.

It is an evergreen shrub growing to 5 m tall. The leaves are broad elliptic, 3–7 cm long and 1.2–3 cm broad, with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are 5–7 cm diameter, with 5–8 white to dark pink petals.

History and uses

At the beginning of the Edo period, cultivars of Camellia sasanqua began appearing; the first record of the cultivars of this plant was made by Ihei Ito (1695–1733).[2] In Japan, it is not considered to be a true Camellia as the Japanese call it Sazanka (サザンカ, 山茶花).[3]

Camellia sasanqua was not known in western societies until in 1820 Captain Richard Rawes of the East Indiaman Warren Hastings brought Camellia sasanqua var. stricata to his relation, Thomas Carey Palmer, of Bromley in Kent.[4] Then in 1869, Dutch traders imported some specimens into Europe. It has now also been introduced to Australia, New Zealand and the United States.[3]

It has a long history of cultivation in Japan for practical rather than decorative reasons. The leaves are used to make tea while the seeds or nuts are used to make tea seed oil,[5] which is used for lighting, lubrication, cooking and cosmetic purposes. Tea oil has a higher calorific content than any other edible oil available naturally in Japan.[3]

Camellia sasanqua is valued in gardens for its handsome glossy green foliage, and fragrant single flowers that can range in color from white to deep pink and are produced extremely early in the season. Various cultivars have been selected, of which 'Crimson King',[6] 'Hugh Evans'[7] and 'Jean May'[8] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

See also

• List of Award of Garden Merit camellias

Citations and references

Citations

References

• Bretschneider, E. (1898) History of European Botanical Discoveries in China, Volumes 1-2. (Sampson Low, Marston and Company).

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На других языках

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- [en] Camellia sasanqua

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[es] Camellia sasanqua

Camellia sasanqua es una especie de Camellia nativa de Japón y China. En Japón, se la encuentra en bosques siempreverdes costeros del sur, tales como en Shikoku, Kyūshū y muchas otras islas menores, incluida Okinawa. Se la halla usualmente creciendo a altitudes de 900 msnm. En China, se la conoce como "té shulang".[1]

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[ru] Камелия сасанква

Камелия сасанква, или Камелия эвгенольная (лат. Camellia sasanqua) — вид растений рода Камелия (Camellia) семейства Чайные (Theaceae), произрастающий в Юго-Восточной Азии.

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