bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Calochortus amabilis[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (syn. C. pulchellus var. amabilis)[11] is a species of the genus Calochortus in the family Liliaceae. It is also known by the common names Diogenes' lantern,[2][3][4][7] yellow globe-tulip,[7] golden globe-tulip,[4] yellow globe lily,[3] golden fairy lantern,[3][4][6][9][10] golden lily-bell,[7] Chinese lantern,[4] and short lily.[8]

Calochortus amabilis
Conservation status
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Genus:	Calochortus
Species:	C. amabilis
Binomial name
Calochortus amabilis Purdy

Distribution and habitat

The plant is endemic to northern California, from the east bay [notably in Mount Diablo State Park <mdia.org>] and north of the San Francisco Bay Area.[3][4][5][12] It grows in the Northern California Coast Ranges and Klamath Mountains, from 100 metres (330 ft)[2][4]–1,000 metres (3,300 ft)[2]–1,500 metres (4,900 ft)[4] in altitude. It is a common member of the scrub and woodland flora, found on dry slopes in California oak woodland and chaparral habitats.[2][3] Soil types vary, from the nearly solid serpentine rock to yellow clay.[4] Natural habitat is quite wet, with 75 cm or more of rain per year, followed by a dry, hot summer. Winters are cool but not frigid (USDA zones 8-9). The growing season is from midwinter to the April–May–June flowering and seed set. The plant is dormant from mid-June to November.[4]

Common understory plant associates are Calochortus luteus, Clarkia unguiculata and Delphinium variegatum.^{[citation needed]}

Description

Calochortus amabilis is a bulbous perennial herb producing an upright, somewhat waxy branching stem to heights between 10 and 50 centimeters.[2] The leaf at the base of the stem is flat, waxy, and narrow in shape, reaching up to 50 centimeters long and not withering away at flowering.[2][13]

The inflorescence bears two or more heavily nodding flowers, each with spreading pointed yellow sepals and brown-speckled yellow petals. The inside of the petals is waxy and coated in small hairs. The fruit is a winged capsule up to three centimeters long containing dark brown seeds.[2][5]

• Height: 10-[2][5] 20-[3] 30-[7] 50 cm[2][3][5] (4–20 in) high at maturity.
• Spread: 5 cm (2 in) spread.[5]
• Stems: Stems are glaucous,[2][4][7] stout,[7] flexuous,[4] and generally branching,[2][3][4][7] reaching 10-[2][4][6] 20-30[7]-50 cm.[2][4][6]
• Leaves: Leaves come in two types: cauline[2][3][7] or basal[2][3] (radical).[7]
  • Basal/radical leaves: Basal leaves are shiny,[4] lanceolate-acuminate,[7] narrow,[3] measure 20-[2] 25-[7] 50 cm[2][3] in length, and are persistent[2][4] through the bloom and early fruiting stage.[4]
  • Cauline leaves: 2-4 laceolate to linear leaves,[2] measuring 2–20 cm in length.[2][3]
• Inflorescences: Nodding,[2][3][7] pendent[4] flowers are borne in groups of 2-many,[2] hanging in open branched clusters.[3] Bracts are lanceolate, and measure 2–10 cm in length.[2]
  • Flowers: Flowers measure about 2.5-[3][4] 4 cm[4] in length and are borne from April–June.[2][3]
  • Perianth: Perianth is spheric and is either neatly closed at the tip[2] or has petals that overlap slightly at the tip.[2][7]
    • Sepals: Three[3][7] conspicuous[5] ovate[2] to lanceolate,[2][3] spreading sepals, are deeply appressed at the base to the petals.[4] Sepals are often tinged green[4][5] or red,[4] and measure 1.5-[2] 2 cm[2][3] long. Sepals are held horizontally to slightly descending.[4]
    • Petals: Three[3][7] ovate [7] or widely lanceolate[2] petals with a short claw and obtuse apex[7] are deeply[2][3] to brightly[4] yellow, sometimes tinged green[4][5] with abaxial brown spots [2] and are glabrous,[2][7] except for the margins, which are densely ciliate (having a fringe of hairs),[2][3][7][4] Petals are slightly longer than sepals[3] and measure 1.6-[2] 2 cm long.[2][3]
  • Nectary: Crescent-shaped[2][5][3][4] to almost rectangular,[4] depressed,[2][4] (forming a knoblike structure on the outside of each petal)[4] with several transverse, fringed membranes with white or yellow glandular hairs measuring 1/3-2/3 of the width of the petals.[2]
  • Stamens:
    • Filaments: 5mm in length, dilated at the base.[2]
    • Anthers: 3-4mm in length, white to pale yellow.[2]
• Fruit: Nodding, oblong, winged capsule, measuring 2–3 cm in length.[2]
• Seeds: Dark brown and irregularly shaped.[2]

Uses

Food

The bulbs of Calochortus amabilis are a traditional food of the Kashaya Pomo of California, who bake or boil the bulbs, which are then eaten like baked or boiled potatoes.[8][14] They are a beloved food of the Pomo, locally referred to as "bo".[7]

Cultivation

Calochortus amabilis is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty native plant and bulb nurseries, for use in traditional and wildlife gardens, and natural landscaping projects.

• Hardiness: Hardy,[4][5] particularly if well mulched. In cold areas, it can be grown in an alpine house or an unheated glasshouse.[4]
• Light : Prefers sun[6] to partial[4][6] or full shade.[4]
• Soil: Adaptable, but prefers well-drained soil.[6] Prefers a humus-rich, water-retentive medium with up to two thirds organic matter and one third sand, gravel, or grit.[4]
• Water: Drought tolerant to moderate.[6] In the wild, the plant grows in areas with more than 2.5 cm of rain per week during the growing season. If grown in pots, plants should get 2.2-3.8 cm of water per week, since containers typically dry out more quickly. Complete dryness is needed for the dormant season; some growers dig the bulbs up for the summer to prevent premature autumn growth or bulb rot.[4]
• Propagation: Sow seed as soon as ripe.[5] Seeds require no treatment to aid germination.[10]
• Pests and diseases: Trouble free.[5]

In the wild, C. amabilis naturally hybridizes with Calochortus tolmiei.[4]

Etymology

Amabilis means 'pleasing', 'likeable', or 'lovely'. Calochortus is derived from Greek meaning 'beautiful grass', a reference to the characteristic grass-like foliage of the genus.[15] The full name translates literally to 'lovable, beautiful grass'.[3][15]

The common name "Diogenes' Lantern" is a reference to the Greek philosopher Diogenes, who famously carried a lantern around in broad daylight, claiming he was "looking for a man" (implying that none of the beings he saw around him qualified; sometimes quoted as "looking for an honest man").[16]

References

External links

• Media related to Calochortus amabilis at Wikimedia Commons
• Calflora Database: Calochortus amabilis (Golden fairy lantern, Golden globelily)
• Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Calochortus amabilis
• USDA Plants Profile for Calochortus amabilis (Diogenes' lantern)
• UC Photos gallery of Calochortus amabilis

На других языках

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- [en] Calochortus amabilis

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[es] Calochortus amabilis

Calochortus amabilis o Diogenes' lantern, es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia de las liliáceas. Es originaria del norte de California, donde crece en las montañas al norte de la bahía de San Francisco en los bosques de roble común asociada a plantas del sotobosque como: Calochortus luteus, Clarkia unguiculata y Delphinium variegatum.[1] Es un miembro común del matorral y de la flora de aquel bosque.

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