bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Search / Calendar

Betula nana, the dwarf birch,[2] is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae, found mainly in the tundra of the Arctic region.

Specimen at 1000m
Specimen at 1000m

Dwarf birch
Conservation status

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Genus: Betula
Subgenus: Betula subg. Chamaebetula
Species:
B. nana
Binomial name
Betula nana

Description


It is a monoecious, deciduous shrub growing up to 1–1.2 metres (3 ft 3 in – 3 ft 11 in) high. The bark is non-peeling and shiny red-copper colored.[3] The leaves are rounded, 6–20 millimetres (0.24–0.79 in) diameter, with a bluntly toothed margin. The leaves are a darker green on their upper surface. Leaf growth occurs after snow melt and become red in autumn.

The wind-pollinated fruiting catkins are erect, 5–15 millimetres (0.20–0.59 in) long and 4–10 millimetres (0.16–0.39 in) broad.


Distribution


Betula nana is native to arctic and cool temperate regions of Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America and it will grow in a variety of conditions. Outside of far northern areas, it is usually found growing only in mountains above 300 metres (980 ft), up to 835 metres (2,740 ft) in Great Britain and 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) in the Alps. Its northern range limit is on Svalbard, where it is confined to favourable sites. In the UK Betula nana is at its southern range limit, with many populations having declined significantly in recent decades.[4] In southern Sweden the occurrence of Betula nana in Sund, Ydre is deemed a glacial relict.[5]

In general, it favours wet but well-drained sites with a nutrient-poor, acidic soil which can be xeric and rocky. B. nana has a low tolerance for shade.


Ecology


There are two subspecies:


Genome


The genome of B. nana has been sequenced.[6]


References


  1. Stritch, L. (2014). "Betula nana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T194495A2341542. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194495A2341542.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. Kelvin S.-H. Peh; Richard T. Corlett; Yves Bergeron, eds. (2015). Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-415-73545-2.
  3. Ewing, Susan. The Great Alaska Nature Factbook. Portland: Alaska Northwest Books, 1996.
  4. Borrell, James S.; Wang, Nian; Nichols, Richard A.; Buggs, Richard J. A. (15 August 2018). "Genetic diversity maintained among fragmented populations of a tree undergoing range contraction". Heredity. 121 (4): 304–318. doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0132-8. ISSN 0018-067X. OCLC 888447574. PMC 6134035. PMID 30111882.
  5. Hellgren, George (1960). "Något om växtligheten i Ydre". In Filén, Thure (ed.). Ydre-Boken (in Swedish). Linköping. pp. 86–91.
  6. Wang N.; Thomson M.; Bodles W.J.; Crawford R.M.; Hunt H.V.; Featherstone A.W.; Pellicer J.; Buggs R.J. (2013). "Genome sequence of dwarf birch (Betula nana) and cross-species RAD markers". Mol. Ecol. 22 (11): 3098–3111. doi:10.1111/mec.12131. PMID 23167599. S2CID 206179485.


Betula nana photographed north of the village of Upernavik Kujalleq, north-east of the mountain Kingigtoq, western Greenland
Betula nana photographed north of the village of Upernavik Kujalleq, north-east of the mountain Kingigtoq, western Greenland

На других языках


- [en] Betula nana

[es] Betula nana

Betula nana, el abedul enano, es una especie arbórea de la familia de las betuláceas, género Betula, subgénero Chamaebetula.

[ru] Берёза карликовая

Берёза ка́рликовая, берёза малоро́слая, или берёза ка́рличная (лат. Bétula nána), — вид растений рода Берёза (Betula) семейства Берёзовые (Betulaceae).



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии