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Araucaria cunninghamii is a species of Araucaria known as hoop pine. Other less commonly used names include colonial pine, Queensland pine,[3] Dorrigo pine, Moreton Bay pine and Richmond River pine.[1] The scientific name honours the botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham, who collected the first specimens in the 1820s.

Araucaria cunninghamii Temporal range: Miocene – Holocene
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnosperms
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Araucariaceae
Genus:	Araucaria
Section:	A. sect. Eutacta
Species:	A. cunninghamii
Binomial name
Araucaria cunninghamii Mudie[2]
Synonyms[2]
Altingia cunninghamii (Mudie) Corrie Eutassa cunninghamii (Mudie) G.Don Eutacta cunninghamii (Mudie) Link

Habitat

The species is found in the dry rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland and in New Guinea. The trees can live up to 450 years and grow to a height of 60 metres.[4] The bark is rough, splits naturally, and peels easily.[5]

Description

The leaves on young trees are awl-shaped, 1–2 cm long, about 2 mm thick at the base, and scale-like, incurved, 1–2 cm long and 4 mm broad on mature trees. The cones are ovoid, 8–10 cm long and 6–8 cm diameter, and take about 18 months to mature. They disintegrate at maturity to release the nut-like edible seeds.

Subspecies

There are two varieties:

• Araucaria cunninghamii var. cunninghamii – Australia, from northeast New South Wales to east-central Queensland, at 0–1,000 m altitude.
• Araucaria cunninghamii var. papuana – New Guinea, on the mountains of Papua New Guinea, and in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, at 100–2,700 m altitude.

Cultivation and other uses

The wood is a high-quality timber that is particularly important to the plywood industry and also used for furniture, veneer, joinery, panelling, particle board, flooring and boats.[6] Most natural stands in Australia and Papua New Guinea have been depleted by logging. It is now mainly found on timber plantations; however, the species continues to thrive in protected areas, including Lamington National Park where at least one walking track is named after it.[7]

Aboriginal Australians used the resin as cement.[8]

Pests

The plantations in Queensland have been subject to damage by a native rat species, Rattus tunneyi, which digs to the roots of a semi-mature tree and kills it, the animal was declared a pest for this reason.[9] The vulnerability of A. cunninghamii plantations to pest losses has caused some of them to be replaced by A. hunsteinii which suffers less in plantation.[10] Unspecified Microlepidoptera are significant pests of the pine cones of both.[Gressitt 1982 1]

Biological control

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is a coccinellid predator of mealybug and soft scale insect parasites of A. cunninghamii, and has several characteristics that make it a good biocontrol for use in plantations.[11] Although they are less interested in other trees - by many multiples - C. montrouzieri does hunt the same pests in custard apple and citrus plantations.[11]

Gallery

• 
  Hoop Pine in Prospect Reservoir in Sydney
• 
  The banded bark of Araucaria cunninghamii

References

• Gressitt, J. L., ed. (1982). Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 390. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8632-9. ISBN 978-94-009-8634-3. ISSN 0077-0639. S2CID 26922762.

External links

• Australian National Botanic Garden: Araucaria cunninghamii
• Gymnosperm Database: Araucaria cunninghamii
• Brisbane Rainforest Action & Information Network: Araucaria cunninghamii
• Tree Conservation Information Service

На других языках

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[de] Neuguinea-Araukarie

Die Neuguinea-Araukarie (Araucaria cunninghamii) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Araukarien (Araucaria) in der Familie der Araukariengewächse (Araucariaceae). Die Araucaria cunninghamii ist auf Neuguinea und im nordöstlichen Australien heimisch.

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- [en] Araucaria cunninghamii

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[es] Araucaria cunninghamii

Araucaria cunninghamii, llamada comúnmente araucaria de Australia,[1] es una especie del género Araucaria que se encuentra en las costas de bosques lluviosos del este de Australia y de Nueva Guinea.

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[ru] Araucaria cunninghamii

Araucaria cunninghamii — это растение рода Араукарии. Имя дано в честь ботаника и исследователя Аллана Каннингема, который собрал первые образцы в 1820-х годах.

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