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The willowherb hawkmoth (Proserpinus proserpina) is a moth in the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1772.

Willowherb hawkmoth
Conservation status

Data Deficient  (IUCN 2.3)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Sphingidae
Genus: Proserpinus
Species:
P. proserpina
Binomial name
Proserpinus proserpina
(Pallas, 1772)[2]
Synonyms
  • Sphynx proserpina Pallas, 1772
  • Sphinx schieffermilleri Fuessly, 1779
  • Sphinx oenotherae Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775
  • Sphinx francofurtana Fabricius, 1781
  • Proserpinus aenotheroides Butler, 1876
  • Proserpinus proserpina attenuata Schultz, 1904
  • Proserpinus proserpina brunnea Geest, 1903
  • Proserpinus proserpina grisea Rebel, 1910
  • Proserpinus proserpina infumata (Closs, 1911)
  • Proserpinus proserpina schmidti Schmidt, 1914
  • Pterogon proserpina gigas Oberthür, 1922
  • Pterogon proserpina japetus Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
  • Pterogon proserpina maxima Grum-Grshimailo, 1887

Distribution


It is found in Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1]



Description


The wingspan is 36–60 mm. It is highly variable in size but the colour variation is minimal. It is generally a shade of green. Form schmidti has yellow-grey forewings and grey hindwings, form brunnea has a pale leatherish coloration with a reddish median band and form grisea has the green coloration entirely replaced by grey.[3]


Biology


The habitat mainly consists of damp, woodland clearings and edges of woods, especially in valleys. It is also found on sandy waste ground in and around towns. In the Alps, it can be found up to 1,500 meters, in Spain up to 2,000 meters and in Afghanistan up to 1,900 meters. In Europe, there is one generation per year with adults on wing in late May and early June. In the south of the range it is found in mid-May and at higher altitudes in the Pyrenees it is on wing in June and July. There are two generations per year in North Africa, with adults on wing in March and again from June to July.

The larvae feed on Epilobium (including Epilobium hirsutum), Oenothera and Lythrum species.


References


  1. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Proserpinus proserpina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T18366A8153516. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T18366A8153516.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. "CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience - Sphingidae". Cate-sphingidae.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
  3. Pittaway, A. R. (2018). "Proserpinus Hübner, [1819]". Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. Retrieved December 13, 2018.


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На других языках

- [en] Willowherb hawkmoth

[es] Proserpinus proserpina

La esfinge proserpina (Proserpinus proserpina) es una especie de lepidóptero ditrisio de la familia Sphingidae. Vive en el sur de Europa, hasta Europa central, incluyendo la península ibérica. Hasta los 1500 msnm en los Alpes, 2000 en la Península.

[ru] Бражник прозерпина

Бражник прозерпина, или бражник олеандровый малый[1] (Proserpinus proserpina) — бабочка из семейства бражников (Sphingidae).


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