bio.wikisort.org - Animal

Pandemis heparana, the dark fruit-tree tortrix or apple brown tortrix,[2] is a moth of the family Tortricidae.

Pandemis heparana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Tortricidae
Genus:	Pandemis
Species:	P. heparana
Binomial name
Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)[1]
Synonyms
Tortrix heparana [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775 Phalaena (Tortrix) cappana Villers, 1789 Phalaena (Tortrix) cappata Geoffroy, in Fourcroy, 1785 Tortrix carpiniana Hubner, [1796-1799] Pyralis fasciana Fabricius, 1787 Tortrix heperana Gmelin, 1788 Tortrix padana Schrank, 1802 Tortrix pasquayana [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775 Tortrix rubrana Sodoffsky, 1830 Pandemis heparana var. subclarana Caradja, 1931 vulpisana Herrich-Schaffer, 1847 Tortrix (Lozotaenia) vulpisana Herrich-Schaffer, 1851

Distribution

This species can be found in most of Europe, in the eastern Palearctic realm, in the Near East, [3] and in North America.

Description

Pandemis heparana has a wingspan of 16–24 mm.[4] In these moths the basic color of the forewings ranges from yellowish brown to reddish brown, with a reticulate pattern, a dark brown basal fascia, dark brown transversal bands, two triangular spots and brown fringes at the edge. The hindwings are gray-brown with white-yellow fringes. The larva can reach 22 mm and it is pale green.[5][6]

This species is rather similar to Pandemis cerasana.[4]

Biology

These moths have two generations per year (bivoltine).[5] The moth flies from late May to mid-September in western Europe. The larvae are considered a pest of trees and shrubs.[6] They live in a rolled leaf and are polyphagous, feeding on various deciduous trees and shrubs including oak, willow, birch, honeysuckle, sorbus, apple and pear.[4][6] Pupation takes places in the rolled leaves.[7][5]

Gallery

• 
  Larva
• 
  Moth
• 
  Mounted specimen

References

External links

• Data related to Pandemis heparana at Wikispecies
• Media related to Pandemis heparana at Wikimedia Commons
• Waarneming.nl (in Dutch)
• Lepidoptera of Belgium
• Lepiforum.de

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