This is a list of the bird species recorded in Argentina. The avifauna of Argentina has 1029 confirmed species, of which 18 are endemic, nine have been introduced by humans, 57 are rare or vagrants, and six are extinct or extirpated. An additional 56 species are hypothetical (see below).
The rufous hornero is the national bird of Argentina.
Except as an entry is cited otherwise, the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society.[1] The list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) are also those of the SACC.[2]
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories.
(V) Vagrant - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Argentina
(E) Endemic - a species endemic to Argentina
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Argentina as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
(H) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with "no tangible evidence" according to the SACC
Rheas
Order: StruthioniformesFamily: Rheidae
The rheas are large flightless birds native to South America. Their feet have three toes rather than four which allows them to run faster.
Greater rhea, Rhea americana
Lesser rhea, Rhea pennata
Tinamous
Order: TinamiformesFamily: Tinamidae
The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), that includes the rheas, emus and kiwis.
Solitary tinamou, Tinamus solitarius
Brown tinamou, Crypturellus obsoletus
Undulated tinamou, Crypturellus undulatus
Small-billed tinamou, Crypturellus parvirostris
Tataupa tinamou, Crypturellus tataupa
Red-winged tinamou, Rhynchotus rufescens
Huayco Tinamou, Rhynchotus maculicollis
Ornate tinamou, Nothoprocta ornata
Brushland tinamou, Nothoprocta cinerascens
Andean tinamou, Nothoprocta pentlandii
Darwin's nothura, Nothura darwinii
Spotted nothura, Nothura maculosa
Dwarf tinamou, Taoniscus nanus
Elegant crested-tinamou, Eudromia elegans
Quebracho crested-tinamou, Eudromia formosa
Puna tinamou, Tinamotis pentlandii
Patagonian tinamou, Tinamotis ingoufi
Screamers
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anhimidae
The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.
Southern screamer, Chauna torquata
Ducks
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.
Rusty-margined guan, Penelope superciliaris
Red-faced guan, Penelope dabbenei
Yungas guan, Penelope bridgesi
Dusky-legged guan, Penelope obscura
Black-fronted piping-guan, Pipile jacutinga
Chaco chachalaca, Ortalis canicollis
Bare-faced curassow, Crax fasciolata
New World quails
Order: GalliformesFamily: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
California quail, Callipepla californica (I)
Spot-winged wood-quail, Odontophorus capueira
Pheasants
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
Chilean flamingo, Phoenicopterus chilensis
Andean flamingo, Phoenicoparrus andinus
James's flamingo, Phoenicoparrus jamesi
Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
White-tufted grebe, Rollandia rolland
Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
Great grebe, Podiceps major
Silvery grebe, Podiceps occipitalis
Hooded grebe, Podiceps gallardoi (E)
Pigeons
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
Scaled pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa (V)
Picazuro pigeon, Patagioenas picazuro
Spot-winged pigeon, Patagioenas maculosa
Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata
Chilean pigeon, Patagioenas araucana
Pale-vented pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis
Plumbeous pigeon, Patagioenas plumbea (V)
Ruddy quail-dove, Geotrygon montana
Violaceous quail-dove, Geotrygon violacea
White-tipped dove, Leptotila verreauxi
Gray-fronted dove, Leptotila rufaxilla
Large-tailed dove, Leptotila megalura
White-throated quail-dove, Zentrygon frenata
West Peruvian dove, Zenaida meloda
Eared dove, Zenaida auriculata
Blue ground dove, Claravis pretiosa
Purple-winged ground dove, Paraclaravis geoffroyi
Bare-faced ground dove, Metriopelia ceciliae
Bare-eyed ground dove, Metriopelia morenoi (E)
Black-winged ground dove, Metriopelia melanoptera
Golden-spotted ground dove, Metriopelia aymara
Plain-breasted ground dove, Columbina minuta (V)
Ruddy ground dove, Columbina talpacoti
Scaled dove, Columbina squammata
Picui ground dove, Columbina picui
Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
Guira cuckoo, Guira guira
Greater ani, Crotophaga major
Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani
Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris (V)
Striped cuckoo, Tapera naevia
Pheasant cuckoo, Dromococcyx phasianellus
Pavonine cuckoo, Dromococcyx pavoninus
Ash-colored cuckoo, Coccycua cinereus
Squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana
Dark-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus melacoryphus
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
Pearly-breasted cuckoo, Coccyzus euleri
Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (V)
Potoos
Order: NyctibiiformesFamily: Nyctibiidae
The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
Long-tailed potoo, Nyctibius aethereus
Common potoo, Nyctibius griseus
Nightjars
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
Nacunda nighthawk, Chordeiles nacunda
Least nighthawk, Chordeiles pusillus
Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis (H)
Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
Short-tailed nighthawk, Lurocalis semitorquatus
Band-winged nightjar, Systellura longirostris
Common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis
Sickle-winged nightjar, Eleothreptus anomalus
Lyre-tailed nightjar, Uropsalis lyra
Little nightjar, Setopagis parvulus
Spot-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis maculicaudus
Scissor-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis torquata
Long-trained nightjar, Macropsalis forcipata
Ocellated poorwill, Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
Silky-tailed nightjar, Antrostomus sericocaudatus
Rufous nightjar, Antrostomus rufus
Swifts
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Rothschild's swift, Cypseloides rothschildi
Sooty swift, Cypseloides fumigatus
Great dusky swift, Cypseloides senex
White-collared swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
Biscutate swift, Streptoprocne biscutata
Gray-rumped swift, Chaetura cinereiventris
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (H)
Sick's swift, Chaetura meridionalis
White-tipped swift, Aeronautes montivagus
Andean swift, Aeronautes andecolus
Fork-tailed palm-swift, Tachornis squamata (V)
Hummingbirds
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna
Rails
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Austral rail, Rallus antarcticus
Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinica
Azure gallinule, Porphyrio flavirostris
Rufous-sided crake, Laterallus melanophaius
Gray-breasted crake, Laterallus exilis
Red-and-white crake, Laterallus leucopyrrhus
Speckled rail, Coturnicops notatus
Ocellated crake, Micropygia schomburgkii
Ash-throated crake, Mustelirallus albicollis
Paint-billed crake, Mustelirallus erythrops
Spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus
Blackish rail, Pardirallus nigricans
Plumbeous rail, Pardirallus sanguinolentus
Giant wood-rail, Aramides ypecaha
Gray-cowled wood-rail, Aramides cajaneus
Slaty-breasted wood-rail, Aramides saracura
Spot-flanked gallinule, Porphyriops melanops
Yellow-breasted crake, Porzana flaviventer
Dot-winged crake, Porzana spiloptera
Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
Red-fronted coot, Fulica rufifrons
Horned coot, Fulica cornuta
Giant coot, Fulica gigantea
Red-gartered coot, Fulica armillata
Slate-colored coot, Fulica ardesiaca
White-winged coot, Fulica leucoptera
Finfoots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica
Plovers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
Tawny-throated dotterel, Oreopholus ruficollis
Pied lapwing, Vanellus cayanus (V)
Southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis
Andean lapwing, Vanellus resplendens
Rufous-chested dotterel, Charadrius modestus
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (V)
Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia (H)
Collared plover, Charadrius collaris
Puna plover, Charadrius alticola
Two-banded plover, Charadrius falklandicus
Diademed sandpiper-plover, Phegornis mitchellii
Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus
Blackish oystercatcher, Haematopus ater
Magellanic oystercatcher, Haematopus leucopodus
Avocets and stilts
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
Andean avocet, Recurvirostra andina
Sheathbills
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Chionididae
The sheathbills are scavengers of the Antarctic regions. They have white plumage and look plump and dove-like but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns.
Snowy sheathbill, Chionis alba
Magellanic plover
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Pluvianellidae
The Magellanic plover is a rare wader found only in southernmost South America. In its build and habits it is similar to a turnstone. Its upperparts and breast are pale gray, and the rest of the underparts are white. It has short red legs, a black bill and a red eye. In young birds, the eyes and legs are yellowish.
Magellanic plover, Pluvianellus socialis
Sandpipers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
The seedsnipes are a small family of birds that superficially resemble sparrows. They have short legs and long wings and are herbivorous waders.
Rufous-bellied seedsnipe, Attagis gayi
White-bellied seedsnipe, Attagis malouinus
Gray-breasted seedsnipe, Thinocorus orbignyianus
Least seedsnipe, Thinocorus rumicivorus
Jacanas
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a family of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
Wattled jacana, Jacana jacana
Painted-snipes
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored.
South American painted-snipe, Rostratula semicollaris
Skuas
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Chilean skua, Stercorarius chilensis
South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
Brown skua, Stercorarius antarcticus
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus
Skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rynchopidae
Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Black skimmer, Rynchops niger
Gulls
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
Andean gull, Chroicocephalus serranus
Brown-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus maculipennis
Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
Dolphin gull, Leucophaeus scoresbii
Gray gull, Leucophaeus modestus (V)
Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan
Olrog's gull, Larus atlanticus
Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (V)
Least tern, Sternula antillarum (V)
Yellow-billed tern, Sternula superciliaris
Large-billed tern, Phaetusa simplex
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
Black tern, Chlidonias niger (V)
White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus (V)
Common tern, Sterna hirundo
Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii (H)
Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea
South American tern, Sterna hirundinacea
Antarctic tern, Sterna vittata (H)
Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri (H)
Snowy-crowned tern, Sterna trudeaui
Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
Royal tern, Thalasseus maximus
Penguins
Order: SphenisciformesFamily: Spheniscidae
The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.
King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus
Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri (V)
Gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua
Chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarcticus (V)
Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti (H)
Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus
Erect-crested penguin, Eudyptes sclateri (V)
Macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus (V)
Rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes chrysocome
Snares penguin, Eudyptes robustus (V)
Albatrosses
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Hornby's storm-petrel, Hydrobates hornbyi (V)
Shearwaters
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Southern giant-petrel, Macronectes giganteus
Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halli
Southern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides
Cape petrel, Daption capense
Kerguelen petrel, Aphrodroma brevirostris
Soft-plumaged petrel, Pterodroma mollis
Atlantic petrel, Pterodroma incerta (H)
White-headed petrel, Pterodroma lessonii (H)
Trindade petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana (H)
Blue petrel, Halobaena caerulea
Fairy prion, Pachyptila turtur (H)
Antarctic prion, Pachyptila desolata
Slender-billed prion, Pachyptila belcheri
Gray petrel, Procellaria cinerea (V)
White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis
Spectacled petrel, Procellaria conspicillata
Parkinson's petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (H)
Westland petrel, Procellaria westlandica (V)
Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea
Cape Verde shearwater, Calonectris edwardsii
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea
Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis
Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus (V)
Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus
Little shearwater, Puffinus assimilis
Common diving-petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix
South Georgia diving-petrel, Pelecanoides georgicus (H)
Magellanic diving-petrel, Pelecanoides magellani
Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
Maguari stork, Ciconia maguari
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria
Wood stork, Mycteria americana
Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens
Boobies
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Cape gannet, Morus capensis (V)
Peruvian booby, Sula variegata (H)
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (V)
Anhingas
Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae
Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Cormorants
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.
Red-legged cormorant, Phalacrocorax gaimardi
Neotropic cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Magellanic cormorant, Phalacrocorax magellanicus
Guanay cormorant, Phalacrocorax bougainvillii
Imperial cormorant, Phalacrocorax atriceps
Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
Peruvian pelican, Pelecanus thagus (V)
Herons
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (H)
White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi
Puna ibis, Plegadis ridgwayi
Green ibis, Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Bare-faced ibis, Phimosus infuscatus
Plumbeous ibis, Theristicus caerulescens
Buff-necked ibis, Theristicus caudatus
Andean ibis, Theristicus branickii (V)
Black-faced ibis, Theristicus melanopis
Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja
New World vultures
Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn owl, Tyto alba
Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.
Blue-crowned trogon, Trogon curucui
Surucua trogon, Trogon surrucura
Black-throated trogon, Trogon rufus (see note)[note 1]
Motmots
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Momotidae
The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.
Rufous-capped motmot, Baryphthengus ruficapillus
Amazonian motmot, Momotus momota
Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.
Rufous-tailed jacamar, Galbula ruficauda (H)
Puffbirds
Order: GalbuliformesFamily: Bucconidae
The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.
Buff-bellied puffbird, Notharchus swainsoni
White-eared puffbird, Nystalus chacuru
Spot-backed puffbird, Nystalus maculatus
Rusty-breasted nunlet, Nonnula rubecula
Toucans
Order: PiciformesFamily: Ramphastidae
Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.
Toco toucan, Ramphastos toco
Red-breasted toucan, Ramphastos dicolorus
Spot-billed toucanet, Selenidera maculirostris
Saffron toucanet, Pteroglossus bailloni
Chestnut-eared aracari, Pteroglossus castanotis
Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
The seriemas are terrestrial birds which run rather than fly (though they are able to fly for short distances). They have long legs, necks and tails, but only short wings, reflecting their way of life. They are brownish birds with short bills and erectile crests, found on fairly-dry open grasslands.
Red-legged seriema, Cariama cristata
Black-legged seriema, Chunga burmeisteri
Falcons
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Laughing falcon, Herpetotheres cachinnans
Barred forest-falcon, Micrastur ruficollis
Collared forest-falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus
Spot-winged falconet, Spiziapteryx circumcincta
Crested caracara, Caracara plancus
Mountain caracara, Phalcoboenus megalopterus
White-throated caracara, Phalcoboenus albogularis
Striated caracara, Phalcoboenus australis
Yellow-headed caracara, Milvago chimachima
Chimango caracara, Milvago chimango
American kestrel, Falco sparverius
Bat falcon, Falco rufigularis
Orange-breasted falcon, Falco deiroleucus
Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
New World and African parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
Red-and-green macaw, Ara chloropterus (extirpated)
Blue-crowned parakeet, Thectocercus acuticaudatus
Mitred parakeet, Psittacara mitratus
White-eyed parakeet, Psittacara leucophthalmus
Antbirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thamnophilidae
The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color; brown, black, and white are the dominant tones.
The gnateaters are round, short-tailed and long-legged birds, which are closely related to the antbirds.
Rufous gnateater, Conopophaga lineata
Antpittas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Grallariidae
The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory.
Variegated antpitta, Grallaria varia
White-throated antpitta, Grallaria albigula
Speckle-breasted antpitta, Cryptopezus nattereri
Tapaculos
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhinocryptidae
The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.
Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
Short-tailed antthrush, Chamaeza campanisona
Rufous-tailed antthrush, Chamaeza ruficauda
Ovenbirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Furnariidae
Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.
The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.
Yungas manakin, Chiroxiphia boliviana
Swallow-tailed manakin, Chiroxiphia caudata
White-bearded manakin, Manacus manacus
Band-tailed manakin, Pipra fasciicauda
Cotingas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cotingidae
The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.
White-tipped plantcutter, Phytotoma rutila
Rufous-tailed plantcutter, Phytotoma rara
Swallow-tailed cotinga, Phibalura flavirostris
Red-ruffed fruitcrow, Pyroderus scutatus
Bare-throated bellbird, Procnias nudicollis
Tityras
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tityridae
Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.
Black-crowned tityra, Tityra inquisitor
Black-tailed tityra, Tityra cayana
Masked tityra, Tityra semifasciata
Greenish schiffornis, Schiffornis virescens
White-naped xenopsaris, Xenopsaris albinucha
Green-backed becard, Pachyramphus viridis
Chestnut-crowned becard, Pachyramphus castaneus
White-winged becard, Pachyramphus polychopterus
Crested becard, Pachyramphus validus
Sharpbill
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oxyruncidae
The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects.
Sharpbill, Oxyruncus cristatus
Tyrant flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
Rufous-browed peppershrike, Cyclarhis gujanensis
Rufous-crowned greenlet, Hylophilus poicilotis
Chivi vireo, Vireo chivi
Jays
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Purplish jay, Cyanocorax cyanomelas
Azure jay, Cyanocorax caeruleus
Plush-crested jay, Cyanocorax chrysops
Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
House wren, Troglodytes aedon
Mountain wren, Troglodytes solstitialis
Grass wren, Cistothorus platensis
Thrush-like wren, Campylorhynchus turdinus
Gnatcatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.
Creamy-bellied gnatcatcher, Polioptila lactea
Masked gnatcatcher, Polioptila dumicola
Donacobius
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Donacobiidae
The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay.
Black-capped donacobius, Donacobius atricapilla
Dippers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
Rufous-throated dipper, Cinclus schulzii
Thrushes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Speckled nightingale-thrush, Catharus maculatus
Veery, Catharus fuscescens (H)
Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
Austral thrush, Turdus falcklandii
Yellow-legged thrush, Turdus flavipes
Pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas
Cocoa thrush, Turdus fumigatus
Rufous-bellied thrush, Turdus rufiventris
Creamy-bellied thrush, Turdus amaurochalinus
Andean slaty thrush, Turdus nigriceps
Blacksmith thrush, Turdus subalaris
Chiguanco thrush, Turdus chiguanco
Glossy-black thrush, Turdus serranus
White-necked thrush, Turdus albicollis
Mockingbirds
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.
Chilean mockingbird, Mimus thenca
Patagonian mockingbird, Mimus patagonicus
Chalk-browed mockingbird, Mimus saturninus
White-banded mockingbird, Mimus triurus
Brown-backed mockingbird, Mimus dorsalis
Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus (I)
European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)
Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
Pipits and wagtails
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground feeding insectivores of open country.
Yellowish pipit, Anthus chii
Short-billed pipit, Anthus furcatus
Pampas pipit, Anthus chacoensis (E)
Correndera pipit, Anthus correndera
Ochre-breasted pipit, Anthus nattereri
Hellmayr's pipit, Anthus hellmayri
Paramo pipit, Anthus bogotensis
Finches
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
European greenfinch, Chloris chloris (I)
European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis (I)
Thick-billed siskin, Spinus crassirostris
Hooded siskin, Spinus magellanicus
Black siskin, Spinus atratus
Yellow-rumped siskin, Spinus uropygialis
Black-chinned siskin, Spinus barbatus
Golden-rumped euphonia, Chlorophonia cyanocephala
Blue-naped chlorophonia, Chlorophonia cyanea
Purple-throated euphonia, Euphonia chlorotica
Green-throated euphonia, Euphonia chalybea
Violaceous euphonia, Euphonia violacea
Chestnut-bellied euphonia, Euphonia pectoralis
Sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae
Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis (H)
Masked yellowthroat, Geothlypis aequinoctialis
American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla (H)
Tropical parula, Setophaga pitiayumi
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia (H)
Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata (V)
Flavescent warbler, Myiothlypis flaveola
White-browed warbler, Myiothlypis leucoblephara
Pale-legged warbler, Myiothlypis signata
Riverbank warbler, Myiothlypis rivularis
Two-banded warbler, Myiothlypis bivittata
Golden-crowned warbler, Basileuterus culicivorus
Brown-capped redstart, Myioborus brunniceps
Cardinal grosbeaks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Hepatic tanager, Piranga flava
Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (V)
Red-crowned ant-tanager, Habia rubica
Black-backed grosbeak, Pheucticus aureoventris
Blackish-blue seedeater, Amaurospiza moesta
Glaucous-blue grosbeak, Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea
Ultramarine grosbeak, Cyanoloxia brissonii
Tanagers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.
Hooded tanager, Nemosia pileata
Plushcap, Catamblyrhynchus diadema
Guira tanager, Hemithraupis guira
Chestnut-vented conebill, Conirostrum speciosum
Giant conebill, Conirostrum binghami (H)
Stripe-tailed yellow-finch, Sicalis citrina
Puna yellow-finch, Sicalis lutea
Bright-rumped yellow-finch, Sicalis uropygialis
Citron-headed yellow-finch, Sicalis luteocephala
Greater yellow-finch, Sicalis auriventris
Greenish yellow-finch, Sicalis olivascens
Monte yellow-finch, Sicalis mendozae (E)
Patagonian yellow-finch, Sicalis lebruni
Saffron finch, Sicalis flaveola
Grassland yellow-finch, Sicalis luteola
Black-hooded sierra finch, Phrygilus atriceps
Gray-hooded sierra finch, Phrygilus gayi
Patagonian sierra finch, Phrygilus patagonicus
Plumbeous sierra finch, Geospizopsis unicolor
Ash-breasted sierra finch, Geospizopsis plebejus
Mourning sierra finch, Rhopospina fruticeti
Band-tailed sierra finch, Rhopospina alaudina
Carbonated sierra finch, Rhopospina carbonaria (E)
The SACC has split black-throated trogon into five species (Proposal 921) but has not assigned English names, so the proposal has not been implemented and the counts do not reflect the change.
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 January 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved February 1, 2022
Vander Pluym, David & Sterling, John (2019). "Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata in Argentina: first record for South America". Cotinga. 41: 41–43.
Collar, N., P. F. D. Boesman, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Glaucous Macaw (Anodorhynchus glaucus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.glamac1.01
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