The giant leopard moth (Hypercompe scribonia) is a moth of the family Erebidae. They are distributed through North America from southern Ontario, and southern and eastern United States through New England, Mexico and south to Colombia.[2][3] The obsolete name, Ecpantheria scribonia, is still occasionally encountered.

Giant leopard moth
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Erebidae
Subfamily:	Arctiinae
Genus:	Hypercompe
Species:	H. scribonia
Binomial name
Hypercompe scribonia (Stoll, 1790)
Subspecies
H. s. scribonia (Stoll, 1790) H. s. denudata (Slosson, 1888)
Synonyms
Bombyx chryseis Olivier, 1790 Phalaena scribonia Stoll, 1790 Phalaena oculatissima J.E. Smith, 1797 (unjustified emendation) Bombyx cunegunda Palisot de Beauvois, 1824 Ecpantheria confluens Oberthür, 1881 Ecpantheria denudata Slosson, 1888 Ecpantheria scribonia

This species has a wingspan of 76 mm (3 in). The wings of this moth are bright white with a pattern of neat black blotches, some solid and some hollow. The overside of the abdomen is dark blue with orange markings, while the underside is white with solid black spots, and males have a narrow yellow line on the sides. Their legs have black and white bands. Adult moths are strictly nocturnal and do not generally fly before nightfall.[4]

This species has a notable sexual dimorphism in size, the adult male reaching about 51 mm (2 in) in length, while the adult female grows up to 30 mm (1.2 in). In Missouri, adults are on the wing from May to September and are multivoltine.[5] During mating sessions, the wings of the male cover most of the female's abdomen, and this can sometimes lead to the loss of wing scales in the female, which can have negative effects on its flight efficiency.[6] Their mating sessions are notably long-lasting, taking more than 24 hours. They stay mostly immobile during the whole process but will move from spot to spot to thermoregulate, walking into shadowy areas if it is too hot or into sunlight if it is too cold. The male is the one that effectuates the locomotion, while the female folds her legs to make it easier to carry.

The caterpillar is of the "woolly bear" kind, with a thick coat of black bristles (setae) and red or orange bands between its segments, which become conspicuous when the caterpillar rolls into a ball for defense. Like the banded woolly bear, its hairs are not urticant nor venomous and do not typically cause irritation. The moth overwinters as a caterpillar,[3]often under the bark of decaying wood.[5] The caterpillar grows to be 3 inches (7.6 cm) long.[5]

Recorded food plants

This section does not cite any sources. (August 2022)

The caterpillar eats a variety of broadleaf plants such as broadleaf plantains, dandelions and violets:

Gallery

• 
  Larval stage
• 
  Caterpillar in typical defensive ball
• 
  Caterpillar with typical red stripes
• 
  head of a caterpillar
• 
  Closeup of head and thorax
• 
  Closeup showing iridescent blue spots
• 
  Closeup of newly eclosed moth
• 
  Showing the old skin, empty pupal shell, and adult moth
• 
  Last image at night before it flew off once wings dried
• 
  Wings spread, displaying abdomen colors
• 
  Close-up while wings upswept
• 
  The moment before take-off
• 
  A female giant leopard moth after mating
• 
  A female taking off

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Giant leopard moth.

• Hilton Pond Center
• Entweb
• Species Hypercompe scribonia – giant leopard moth - Hodges#8146, BugGuide

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