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Channa gachua, the dwarf snakehead, is a species of fish in the family Channidae. The name "dwarf snakehead" is also used for several other species of small snakeheads. C. gachua is native to freshwater habitats in southern Asia, where it has a wide distribution from Iran to Indonesia. This fish is considered to be a species complex, a group of several closely related taxa with one name. It is likely at least three to four different species, and further research may differentiate them.[1] A few species such as Channa harcourtbutleri have been separated from the complex in recent decades.[3] The easternmost population of C. gachua is often recognized as a separate species C. limbata (with synonym C. longistomata), while the isolated Sri Lankan population often is recognized as C. kelaartii.[4][5]

Channa gachua
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Anabantiformes
Family:	Channidae
Genus:	Channa
Species:	C. gachua
Binomial name
Channa gachua (F. Hamilton, 1822)
Range map
Synonyms[2]
Ophicephalus gachua Hamilton, 1822 Ophiocephalus aurantiacus Hamilton, 1822 Ophicephalus marginatus Cuvier, 1829 Ophicephalus limbatus Cuvier, 1831 Channa limbata (Cuvier, 1831) Ophicephalus apus Canestrini, 1861

Description

This species can reach 28 cm (11 in) in total length, but most individuals are much smaller.[2] It feeds on small fish, insects, and crustaceans. It is a mouthbrooder, with the male brooding the eggs and juveniles in his mouth.[2] Males have more-extended dorsal and anal fins than females, and develop more intense color pattern.[6]

Distribution and taxonomy

The species was recorded from Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore.[7] This is a common fish found in most any type of wetland.[1] It can live in large rivers or small brooks and creeks, in fast currents or stagnant waters, and in altered waterways such as canals.[2] It also lives in rice paddies.[8]

There is a distinct genetic split between western and eastern populations (the distribution of the two approach each other in Myanmar). As a consequence some recognize them as separate species with western being C. gachua and eastern C. limbata.[4][5] The isolated Sri Lankan population is also highly distinctive from a genetic point of view, leading some to recognize it as C. kelaartii.[4][5] Despite the deep genetic splits between these populations, their morphology is very similar.[5]

Value

This fish is caught for food in many parts of Asia.[1] This is one of several Channa known as dwarf snakeheads, smaller species kept in aquaria. It is also valued for its attractive coloration.[9] This species has been studied for use in aquaculture operations.[9]

References

External links

• Channa gachua. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS).

Wikispecies has information related to Channa gachua.

На других языках

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- [en] Channa gachua

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[ru] Channa gachua

Channa gachua (лат.) — пресноводная рыба из рода змееголовов. Его могут называть «карликовый змееголов», как и несколько других видов мелких змееголовов. Вид обитает в пресных водоемах южной Азии, где он широко распространен от Ирака до Индонезии. Считается, что это не просто вид, а видовой комплекс, группа из нескольких тесно связанных таксонов с одним названием. Вероятно, на самом деле в нем по крайней мере три-четыре различных вида, и дальнейшие исследования могут дифференцировать их[1]. Несколько видов, таких как Channa harcourtbutleri, были отделены от комплекса в последние десятилетия[2]. Самая восточная популяция C. gachua часто упоминается как отдельный вид C. limbata (с синонимом C. longistomata), в то время как изолированная шри-ланкийская популяция часто упоминается как C. kelaartii[3].

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