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The Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) or Caspian white fish[1] is a member of the family Cyprinidae from brackish water habitats of the Caspian Sea and from its freshwater tributaries. It is typically a medium-sized fish, reaching 45–55 cm in length, rarely 70 cm, and weighing up to 4.00 kg, rarely 5.00 kg. It used to be very common and was harvested commercially. The population seems to have collapsed due to overfishing and marine pollution. Its flesh and roe are enjoyed as food, and highly prized in the Gilan and Mazandaran provinces in Iran.[2]

Caspian kutum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Cyprinidae
Subfamily:	Leuciscinae
Genus:	Rutilus
Species:	R. kutum
Binomial name
Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901)
Synonyms
Leuciscus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901) Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901)

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Feeding

The main food items are mollusks, shrimp, amphipods, and crabs. Larvae and fry feed on rotifers, minute forms of cladocerans, diatom algae, and larvae of copepods.

Population

Three populations (one autumn and two spring populations) were found in the rivers of Iran; a freshwater form exists in the South Caspian.

Distribution

Caspian kutum is endemic to the Caspian Sea. It is distributed from the mouth of the Volga River up to the Miankaleh Peninsula. Main aggregations are confined to the southwestern part of the sea adjacent to the Anzali and Qizilchay Bays. On the eastern coast, it occurs in the Atrek estuarine areas and in the Iranian waters.

Behavior

This species lives in small schools in deep water, but spawns in shallow water in the tributaries in April–May. The eggs are laid among weeds or over gravel, and hatch in about 10 days. They become sexually mature in 3–5 years. Resilience of this species is low. Minimum population doubling time is 4.5 – 14 years.

The fish is also called Caspian white fish and Caspian roach,^{[citation needed]} and is known as kutum in Russian, kütüm in Azerbaijani, and māhi sefid in Persian.[3]

See also

• Rutilus frisii

References

На других языках

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- [en] Caspian kutum

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[ru] Кутум (рыба)

Куту́м (лат. Rutilus frisii kutum) — рыба из семейства карповых, подвид вырезуба (Rutilus frisii). Обитает в Каспийском море в пресной и малосолёной воде. Длина тела 30—45 сантиметров, реже до 70, масса обычно 0,5-2 кг, максимальная — 8 кг[1]. Кутум был широко распространён и вылавливался промышленным способом. Его популяция значительно сократилась в результате интенсивного лова и загрязнений. В связи с этим кутум был включён в Красную книгу России, однако исключён оттуда в 2004 году[2][3]

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