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The lesser vasa parrot or black parrot (Coracopsis nigra) is a black coloured parrot endemic to most of Madagascar.[1] It is one of four species of vasa parrots, the others being the greater vasa parrot C. vasa, the Seychelles black parrot (C. barklyi), and the Comoros black parrot (C. sibilans). The latter two were formerly considered conspecific with the lesser vasa parrot.[2]

Lesser vasa parrot
Coracopsis nigra in Anjajavy Forest, Madagascar
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittrichasiidae
Genus:	Coracopsis
Species:	C. nigra
Binomial name
Coracopsis nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Psittacus niger Linnaeus, 1758

Lesser vasa parrots inhabit the mangrove swamps and evergreen forests of Madagascar. They eat seeds, blossoms and fruit - especially berries and mangos.

They build their nests in tree hollows and go through courtship in February. During this time, the female may shed the feathers on her head giving it a yellowish tone. The male's beak may also turn white during this time.

Taxonomy

In 1743 the English naturalist George Edwards included a picture and a description of the lesser vasa parrot in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "Black Parrot from Madagascar". His drawing was made from a live bird owned by the Duke of Richmond.[3] When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the lesser vasa parrot with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Psittacus niger and cited Edwards's work.[4] The specific epithet niger is Latin meaning "black".[5] The lesser vasa parrot is now placed in the genus Coracopsis that was introduced in 1832 by the German ornithologist Johann Georg Wagler.[6][7]

There are two subspecies:[7]

• • Coracopsis nigra libs, Bangs 1927[8][9]
  • Coracopsis nigra nigra, (Linnaeus, 1758)[8][9]

The Seychelles black parrot (C. barklyi) and Comoros black parrot (C. sibilans) were formerly considered subspecies, but were later split as distinct species.[10][11][12]

A 2011 genetic study found the Mascarene parrot from Réunion to be nested among the subspecies of the lesser vasa parrot from Madagascar and nearby islands, and therefore not related to the Psittacula parrots. It also found that the Mascarene parrot line diverged 4.6 to 9 million years ago, prior to the formation of Réunion, indicating this must have happened elsewhere. The cladogram accompanying the study is shown below:[13]

E	Coracopsis vasa drouhardii (W Madagascar)     Coracopsis vasa vasa (E Madagascar)         Coragopsis nigra barklyi (Praslin Island (Seychelles))       Mascarinus mascarinus (Reunion (Mascarenes))       Coracopsis nigra siblans (Comoros)       Coracopsis nigra nigra (E Madagascar)     Coracopsis nigra libs (W Madagascar)

Another group of scientists later acknowledged the finding, but pointed out that the sample might have been damaged, and that further testing was needed before the issue could be fully resolved. They also noted that if Mascarinus was confirmed to be embedded within the genus Coracopsis, the latter would become a junior synonym, since the former name is older.[14] Hume has expressed surprise by these findings, due to the anatomical similarities between the Mascarene parrot and other parrots from the islands that are believed to be psittaculines.[15] However, a later study found that the placement of Mascarinus within Coracopsis was likely a result of cross-contamination of genetic material from the lesser vasa parrot during the study, debunking this placement, and supporting them as being two distinct, unrelated genera within different subfamilies.[16]

References

На других языках

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- [en] Lesser vasa parrot

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[es] Coracopsis nigra

El loro negro (Coracopsis nigra)[2] es una especie de ave psitaciforme de la familia Psittrichasiidae nativa de las Comores, Madagascar, Mayotte y Seychelles.[1] Es una de las dos especies del género Coracopsis, junto al loro vasa (C. vasa), aunque la subespecie C. n. barklyi, de Seychelles, a veces se separa como una tercera especie.

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[fr] Vaza noir

Coracopsis nigra

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[it] Coracopsis nigra

Il vasa minore (Coracopsis nigra (Linnaeus, 1758)) è un uccello della famiglia degli Psittaculidi.[2]

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[ru] Малый попугай-ваза

Малый попугай-ваза[1], или чёрный попугай[2] (лат. Coracopsis nigra), — вид птиц из семейства Psittaculidae[3].

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